{"id":1797,"date":"2020-06-15T23:10:48","date_gmt":"2020-06-15T23:10:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/weedmaps.com\/learn\/cbd\/these-three-acts-weaponized-weed-against-black-americans"},"modified":"2026-02-22T14:51:37","modified_gmt":"2026-02-22T14:51:37","slug":"three-acts-weaponized-weed-against-black-americans","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/weedmaps.com\/learn\/cannabis-and-its-evolution\/three-acts-weaponized-weed-against-black-americans","title":{"rendered":"These three acts weaponized weed against Black Americans"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"bsf_rt_marker\"><\/div>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It's easier than ever to see the ways in which weed can be a positive force. To many, it's medicine. To others, it's a source of income. What's harder to see are the ways weed has been used as a political device.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">For more than a century, white supremacists have used marijuana as a tool to advance anti-Black, anti-minority agendas. Why are so many people in jail for possession while others idly shop for Blue Dream and grow backyard plants? How did it get this way?&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In the United States, cannabis was designed to be political. It remains that way to this day.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Those of us who consume weed, work in the industry, or benefit from the plant in any way have a responsibility to know its place in American history. Knowing how politicians have used marijuana to divide us is the first step in fighting for a more just future.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\">\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/weedmaps.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/LearnRegulations_2.jpg?ssl=1\" data-modal-open=\"lightbox_1798\">\n\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/weedmaps.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/LearnRegulations_2.jpg?fit=640%2C427&ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/weedmaps.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/LearnRegulations_2.jpg?w=1600&ssl=1 1600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/weedmaps.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/LearnRegulations_2.jpg?resize=300%2C200&ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/weedmaps.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/LearnRegulations_2.jpg?resize=1024%2C683&ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/weedmaps.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/LearnRegulations_2.jpg?resize=768%2C512&ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/weedmaps.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/LearnRegulations_2.jpg?resize=1536%2C1024&ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/weedmaps.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/LearnRegulations_2.jpg?w=1280&ssl=1 1280w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 768px) 476px, (min-width: 1218px) 772px, 100vw\" alt=\"marijuana laws\" title=\"Click to see a larger version of the image\">\n\t\t\t<\/a><cite>Photo by: Gina Coleman\/Weedmaps<\/cite><figcaption>Knowing how politicians have used marijuana to divide us is the first step in fighting for a more just future.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\t\t\t<div id=\"lightbox_1798\" data-modal data-modal-hide-heading data-modal-manual-close hidden>\n\t\t\t\t<h2>Image lightbox<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/weedmaps.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/LearnRegulations_2.jpg?fit=640%2C427&ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/weedmaps.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/LearnRegulations_2.jpg?w=1600&ssl=1 1600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/weedmaps.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/LearnRegulations_2.jpg?resize=300%2C200&ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/weedmaps.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/LearnRegulations_2.jpg?resize=1024%2C683&ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/weedmaps.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/LearnRegulations_2.jpg?resize=768%2C512&ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/weedmaps.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/LearnRegulations_2.jpg?resize=1536%2C1024&ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/weedmaps.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/LearnRegulations_2.jpg?w=1280&ssl=1 1280w\" sizes=\"100vw\" alt=\"marijuana laws\">\n\t\t\t\t<button role=\"button\" class=\"a11y-modal__close-btn\" data-modal-close-btn>\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M13.414 12l4.293 4.293a1 1 0 01-1.414 1.414L12 13.414l-4.293 4.293a1 1 0 11-1.414-1.414L10.586 12 6.293 7.707a1 1 0 011.414-1.414L12 10.586l4.293-4.293a1 1 0 011.414 1.414L13.414 12z\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Below you'll find a brief overview of the three acts that weaponized weed against Black Americans and other ethnic minorities and what we can do to repair the damage that's been done.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wm-article-table-of-contents-header\" id=\"act-i-the-marihuana-tax-act-of-1937\">\n\tAct I: The Marihuana Tax Act of 1937<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The roots of America's racist drug policies can be traced back to a railroad police captain named Harry Anslinger. In 1930, he was appointed the first commissioner of the newly founded Federal Bureau of Narcotics. In a classic case of nepotism, he was appointed by his wife's uncle, Andrew Mellon. According to historian Isaac Campos, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/time.com\/5572691\/420-marijuana-mexican-immigration\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">racist attitudes were already circulating<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> around marijuana at the time, but it was Anslinger who codified them into law. He did this by enlisting the help of William Randolph Hearst's media empire, which published yellow journalism (the original fake news) and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/weedmaps.com\/news\/2019\/08\/reefer-madness-is-still-dumb-somehow-cool-and-remains-important-even-generations-later\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">racist propaganda films<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> like \u201cReefer Madness.\u201d&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Today's policies attempt to obscure racist agendas with distorted health claims (we'll get to that in a minute). But back then, Anslinger was blatant in his mission to demonize Black Americans and other minorities. According to several sources, he frequently went on the radio to make <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/timeline.com\/harry-anslinger-racist-war-on-drugs-prison-industrial-complex-fb5cbc281189\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">inflammatory statements<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, claiming, \u201cThere are 100,000 total marijuana smokers in the US, and most are Negroes, Hispanics, Filipinos, and entertainers. Their Satanic music, jazz and swing, results from marijuana use. This marijuana causes white women to seek sexual relations with Negroes, entertainers, and others.\u201d&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In another instance, \u201cReefer makes darkies think they're as good as white men.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Marihuana Tax Act of 1937 was the legal culmination of his hateful campaign. Before the act was passed, pharmacists could legally sell cannabis products so long as they were properly labeled. Afterward, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.druglibrary.org\/schaffer\/hemp\/taxact\/mjtaxact.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">cannabis was so heavily taxed<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that no one could afford to sell it. If they did and failed to pay those exorbitant fees, the Tax Act made it legal to incarcerate them.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wm-article-table-of-contents-header\" id=\"act-ii-the-controlled-substances-act-of-1970\">\n\tAct II: The Controlled Substances Act of 1970<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Over the next few decades, white supremacist leaders would ramp up anti-drug efforts as a means of subduing the anti-war and civil rights movements. The term \u201cwar on drugs\u201d first caught on in 1971 when then-president Richard Nixon called drug abuse \u201cpublic enemy number one.\u201d But the war formally began in 1970 with the passage of the Controlled Substances Act. This act categorized individual drugs into the five \u201cschedules\u201d we still hear referenced all the time today. The <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dea.gov\/drug-scheduling\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">DEA defines Schedule I drugs<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> as having \u201cno currently accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse\u201d and are subsequently the most criminalized.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cannabis got a Schedule I designation along with heroin and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dea.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/drug_of_abuse.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">psychedelics like psilocybin<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, mescaline, DMT, and LSD. While extremely illogical, this designation wasn't accidental. It was intentionally designed to cripple Black communities and progressive organizers.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As Nixon's advisor, John Ehrlichman, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/harpers.org\/archive\/2016\/04\/legalize-it-all\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">admitted<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to journalist Dan Baum in 1994,&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cThe Nixon campaign in 1968, and the Nixon White House after that, had two enemies: the antiwar left and black people. You understand what I'm saying? We knew we couldn't make it illegal to be either against the [Vietnam] war or black, but by getting the public to associate the hippies with marijuana and blacks with heroin, and then criminalizing both heavily, we could disrupt those communities. We could arrest their leaders, raid their homes, break up their meetings, and vilify them night after night on the evening news. Did we know we were lying about the drugs? Of course we did.\u201d&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\">\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/weedmaps.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/CRTV-2239_1907331-WMMW-Employee-Night_0981.jpg?ssl=1\" data-modal-open=\"lightbox_1799\">\n\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/weedmaps.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/CRTV-2239_1907331-WMMW-Employee-Night_0981.jpg?fit=640%2C427&ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/weedmaps.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/CRTV-2239_1907331-WMMW-Employee-Night_0981.jpg?w=1600&ssl=1 1600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/weedmaps.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/CRTV-2239_1907331-WMMW-Employee-Night_0981.jpg?resize=300%2C200&ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/weedmaps.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/CRTV-2239_1907331-WMMW-Employee-Night_0981.jpg?resize=1024%2C682&ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/weedmaps.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/CRTV-2239_1907331-WMMW-Employee-Night_0981.jpg?resize=768%2C512&ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/weedmaps.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/CRTV-2239_1907331-WMMW-Employee-Night_0981.jpg?resize=1536%2C1023&ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/weedmaps.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/CRTV-2239_1907331-WMMW-Employee-Night_0981.jpg?w=1280&ssl=1 1280w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 768px) 476px, (min-width: 1218px) 772px, 100vw\" alt=\"museum of weed just say no\" title=\"Click to see a larger version of the image\">\n\t\t\t<\/a><cite>Photo by: Gina Coleman\/Weedmaps<\/cite><figcaption>The Weedmaps Museum of Weed included an exhibit that describes the start of the infamously ineffective \u201cJust Say No\u201d campaign, implemented a slew of zero-tolerance policies, and effectively ushered in a new wave of anti-drug hysteria in the 1980s.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\t\t\t<div id=\"lightbox_1799\" data-modal data-modal-hide-heading data-modal-manual-close hidden>\n\t\t\t\t<h2>Image lightbox<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/weedmaps.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/CRTV-2239_1907331-WMMW-Employee-Night_0981.jpg?fit=640%2C427&ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/weedmaps.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/CRTV-2239_1907331-WMMW-Employee-Night_0981.jpg?w=1600&ssl=1 1600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/weedmaps.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/CRTV-2239_1907331-WMMW-Employee-Night_0981.jpg?resize=300%2C200&ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/weedmaps.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/CRTV-2239_1907331-WMMW-Employee-Night_0981.jpg?resize=1024%2C682&ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/weedmaps.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/CRTV-2239_1907331-WMMW-Employee-Night_0981.jpg?resize=768%2C512&ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/weedmaps.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/CRTV-2239_1907331-WMMW-Employee-Night_0981.jpg?resize=1536%2C1023&ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/weedmaps.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/CRTV-2239_1907331-WMMW-Employee-Night_0981.jpg?w=1280&ssl=1 1280w\" sizes=\"100vw\" alt=\"museum of weed just say no\">\n\t\t\t\t<button role=\"button\" class=\"a11y-modal__close-btn\" data-modal-close-btn>\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M13.414 12l4.293 4.293a1 1 0 01-1.414 1.414L12 13.414l-4.293 4.293a1 1 0 11-1.414-1.414L10.586 12 6.293 7.707a1 1 0 011.414-1.414L12 10.586l4.293-4.293a1 1 0 011.414 1.414L13.414 12z\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">There was some pushback during the Jimmy Carter presidency, but in 1981, Ronald Reagan and his wife Nancy picked up right where Nixon left off. The Reagan administration <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/nation-world\/ct-fact-check-anti-drug-campaigns-20171027-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">wasted one billion dollars<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> on the infamously ineffective \u201cJust Say No\u201d campaign, implemented a slew of zero-tolerance policies, and effectively ushered in a new wave of anti-drug hysteria. Adding insult to injury, they implemented tax cuts that <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/12\/26\/business\/economy\/tax-cuts-incomes.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">increased incomes for the wealthiest<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> 1% and stagnated wages for those in the bottom 50% of the income scale. As if that wasn't enough, Reagan also stepped up civil forfeiture efforts, enabling officers to seize assets and property during drug arrests and keep those assets whether or not the suspect is in fact guilty of a crime.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wm-article-table-of-contents-header\" id=\"act-iii-the-violent-crime-control-and-law-enforcement-act-of-1994\">\n\tAct III: The Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Criminalizing cannabis and other drugs as a means of oppression isn't limited to Nixon and Reagan \u2014 or even conservative politicians. \u201cIn 1992, presidential candidate Bill Clinton vowed that he would never permit any Republican to be perceived as tougher on crime than he,\u201d Michele Alexander writes in <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The New Jim Crow<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Two years later, Clinton signed a law that created a slew of new federal crimes, mandatory life sentences for three-time offenders, and greatly expanded police forces and state prisons.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This law helped make it possible to sentence people like Bernard Noble to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.drugpolicy.org\/news\/2014\/04\/louisianan-given-13-year-prison-sentence-possession-two-marijuana-cigarettes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">13 years in prison for two joints<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> found in his pocket. It's why Michael Thompson is <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2019\/05\/22\/marijuana-legalization-drug-sentencing-prison\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">still in jail today<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for selling weed in 1994, and Take Fate Winslow got life without parole after selling $20 worth of weed to an undercover officer in 2008.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">But the new punishments extended far beyond the prison cell. Alexander writes that \u201cClinton also made it easier for federally-assisted public housing projects to exclude anyone with a criminal history \u2014 an extraordinarily harsh step in the midst of a drug war aimed at racial and ethnic minorities.\u201d&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Contradictory state and federal laws make it nearly impossible for low-income Americans who intend or have used marijuana to secure housing. So even today, even if you live in Illinois where cannabis was recently legalized, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.curbed.com\/2019\/11\/13\/20962970\/marijuana-section-8-medical-pot-public-housing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">you can have no criminal history and still be evicted<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> from your Section 8 housing because cannabis use violates federal law.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wm-article-table-of-contents-header\" id=\"the-politics-of-the-past-paved-the-way-for-present-day-inequality\">\n\tThe politics of the past paved the way for present-day inequality<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In 2018, there were <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.drugpolicy.org\/issues\/drug-war-statistics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1,654,282 arrests<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for drug law violations, the vast majority of which were for possession only. Even though Black and white Americans have roughly the same rates of marijuana consumption, a 2020 ACLU analysis found that Black Americans are roughly <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/report\/tale-two-countries-racially-targeted-arrests-era-marijuana-reform\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">four times as likely to be arrested<\/span><\/i><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for marijuana offenses. And that's just the national average. In Montana, Black Americans are nearly <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/report\/tale-two-countries-racially-targeted-arrests-era-marijuana-reform\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">10 times as likely as whites<\/span><\/i><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to be arrested for marijuana offenses.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Once they're arrested for a drug offense, Black Americans are <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/sites\/default\/files\/reports\/us0508_1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">10 times as likely as whites<\/span><\/i><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to go to prison. Again, that is just a national average. According to data the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/sites\/default\/files\/reports\/us0508_1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Human Rights Watch<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> gathered in 2003, \u201ca black man was twice as likely as a white man to be sent to prison on drug charges in Missouri and 46 times as likely in Wisconsin.\u201d&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As a result, Black Americans bear the brunt of the damage when it comes to:&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Arrest-related expenses:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> According to the ACLU, marijuana possession enforcement cost taxpayers more than <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/files\/assets\/aclu-thewaronmarijuana-rel2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">3.6 billion dollars<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in 2010. But the cost to defendants is much higher. Depending on the charges and local laws, a defendant can expect to pay thousands of dollars in bail, court, and lawyer fees. As Insider reports, \u201cthe ACLU reported a figure of about $4,000 per marijuana case on the enforcement side, [but] the impact directly to the person arrested is anywhere from <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.insider.com\/marijuana-arrests-are-costing-the-us-billions-2019-6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">$2,000 to $20,000<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u201d Take note that <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/norml.org\/laws\/item\/california-penalties\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">even in fully legalized California<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, you can still be fined up to $500 and incarcerated for up to six months if you're caught possessing more than 28.5 grams of weed.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Jobs:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> One drug possession misdemeanor can result in a lifelong criminal record, and criminal records have a huge impact on job prospects. The <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prisonpolicy.org\/reports\/outofwork.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Prison Policy Initiative<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> looked at data compiled in the 2008 National Former Prisoner Survey and found that formerly incarcerated Black men and women are much more likely to be unemployed than their white counterparts. Once employed, Black employees are <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.detox.net\/uncover\/drugs-at-work\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">more likely than whites to be fired<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> or reprimanded after a positive drug test (according to a survey by Detox.net).&nbsp;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Housing:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Because cannabis is federally illegal, landlords can prohibit consumption even in legal states, and federally-backed mortgage lenders can deny loans to those who work in the cannabis industry. As mentioned above, Section 8 and other types of federally subsidized public housing can be denied as well.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Education:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> According to the U.S. Department of Education, drug convictions <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/studentaid.gov\/understand-aid\/eligibility\/requirements\/criminal-convictions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">severely limit eligibility<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for federal student loans. And even if you do secure a loan, the Brookings Institution found that private and public colleges run more <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/thinking-beyond-the-box-the-use-of-criminal-records-in-college-admissions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">extensive background checks<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> than many employers, which can have a chilling effect on applications and admissions.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Entering the cannabis industry:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> A 2017 Marijuana Business Daily survey found that <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/mjbizdaily.com\/chart-19-cannabis-businesses-owned-founded-racial-minorities\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">just 4% of cannabis business<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> owners are Black. Equity programs designed to solve this disparity have failed. This is partly due to the fact that having a misdemeanor for possessing marijuana on your record means, in many states, that you can't apply for a cannabis license. Even without a criminal record, racist practices like redlining have made it nearly impossible for many Black Americans to acquire the kind of generational wealth necessary to start a cannabis business.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wm-article-table-of-contents-header\" id=\"what-you-can-do\">\n\tWhat you can do<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">These horrific outcomes aren't accidental, they are the result of targeted, racist policies. But before we sink into a pit of despair, it's worth remembering that laws are written by people. What was designed to oppress can be redesigned to repair \u2014 but only if we actively work to right these wrongs on a sustained basis. Do research on what it means to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/weedmaps.com\/news\/2020\/06\/where-to-start-being-anti-racist-educate-yourself-with-black-voices\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">be anti-racist<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vote.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Register to vote<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and research down-ballot candidates. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/myreps.datamade.us\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Contact your local representatives<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and demand the decriminalization of cannabis.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\">\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/weedmaps.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/6A6A0194-2.jpg?ssl=1\" data-modal-open=\"lightbox_1800\">\n\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/weedmaps.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/6A6A0194-2.jpg?fit=640%2C427&ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/weedmaps.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/6A6A0194-2.jpg?w=1600&ssl=1 1600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/weedmaps.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/6A6A0194-2.jpg?resize=300%2C200&ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/weedmaps.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/6A6A0194-2.jpg?resize=1024%2C682&ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/weedmaps.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/6A6A0194-2.jpg?resize=768%2C512&ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/weedmaps.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/6A6A0194-2.jpg?resize=1536%2C1023&ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/weedmaps.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/6A6A0194-2.jpg?w=1280&ssl=1 1280w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 768px) 476px, (min-width: 1218px) 772px, 100vw\" alt=\"flowers are not a crime museum of weed\" title=\"Click to see a larger version of the image\">\n\t\t\t<\/a><cite>Photo by: Gina Coleman\/Weedmaps<\/cite><figcaption>To be able to consume cannabis without fear of being imprisoned comes with a responsibility to reverse the injustices associated with the plant.&nbsp;<\/figcaption><\/figure>\t\t\t<div id=\"lightbox_1800\" data-modal data-modal-hide-heading data-modal-manual-close hidden>\n\t\t\t\t<h2>Image lightbox<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/weedmaps.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/6A6A0194-2.jpg?fit=640%2C427&ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/weedmaps.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/6A6A0194-2.jpg?w=1600&ssl=1 1600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/weedmaps.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/6A6A0194-2.jpg?resize=300%2C200&ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/weedmaps.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/6A6A0194-2.jpg?resize=1024%2C682&ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/weedmaps.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/6A6A0194-2.jpg?resize=768%2C512&ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/weedmaps.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/6A6A0194-2.jpg?resize=1536%2C1023&ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/weedmaps.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/6A6A0194-2.jpg?w=1280&ssl=1 1280w\" sizes=\"100vw\" alt=\"flowers are not a crime museum of weed\">\n\t\t\t\t<button role=\"button\" class=\"a11y-modal__close-btn\" data-modal-close-btn>\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M13.414 12l4.293 4.293a1 1 0 01-1.414 1.414L12 13.414l-4.293 4.293a1 1 0 11-1.414-1.414L10.586 12 6.293 7.707a1 1 0 011.414-1.414L12 10.586l4.293-4.293a1 1 0 011.414 1.414L13.414 12z\"\/><\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Being a cannabis consumer is a privilege. To be able to consume it without fear of being imprisoned comes with a responsibility to reverse the injustices associated with the plant. Below are a few organizations that can help you start.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lastprisonerproject.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><b>The Last Prisoner Project<\/b><\/a><b>:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The Last Prisoner Project focuses on releasing incarcerated cannabis prisoners and helping them rebuild their lives. The volunteer opportunities range from donating to participating in letter-writing campaigns and in-person events.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.drugpolicy.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><b>The Drug Policy Alliance<\/b><\/a><b>:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The Drug Policy Alliance is dedicated to dismantling harmful drug policies and advancing regulations that are grounded in science, compassion, health, and human rights. In addition to donating, they provide tools to help you advocate in your community and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.drugpolicy.org\/take-action\/contact-your-elected-officials\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">contact your elected officials<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.codeforamerica.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><b>Code For America<\/b><\/a><b>:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Code For America works to make government services simple, effective, and easy to use in the digital age. Their <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.codeforamerica.org\/programs\/clear-my-record\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Clear My Record<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> initiative helps individuals and government databases clear criminal records so the formerly incarcerated can successfully re-enter society after serving time. If you're a coder, there are several ways to get involved. If you're not, you can support their efforts by donating and volunteering.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wm-article-table-of-contents-header\" id=\"sources-further-reading\">\n\tSources\/Further Reading<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/time.com\/5572691\/420-marijuana-mexican-immigration\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">TIME:<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u201cThe Surprising Link Between U.S. Marijuana Law and the History of Immigration\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7173675\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: \u201cRacism and Its Effect on Cannabis Research\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/timeline.com\/harry-anslinger-racist-war-on-drugs-prison-industrial-complex-fb5cbc281189\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Timeline<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: \u201cHow a racist hate-monger masterminded America's War on Drugs\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/report\/tale-two-countries-racially-targeted-arrests-era-marijuana-reform\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ACLU<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: \u201cA Tale of Two Countries: Racially Targeted Arrests in the Era of Marijuana Reform\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/sites\/default\/files\/reports\/us0508_1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Human Rights Watch<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: \u201cTargeting Blacks: Drug Law Enforcement and Race in the United States\u201d&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/harpers.org\/archive\/2016\/04\/legalize-it-all\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Harper's Magazine<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: \u201cLegalize It All\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.druglibrary.org\/schaffer\/hemp\/taxact\/mjtaxact.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Schaffer Library of Drug Policy<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: \u201cFull Text of the Marihuana Tax Act as passed in 1937\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2020\/01\/22\/four-in-ten-u-s-drug-arrests-in-2018-were-for-marijuana-offenses-mostly-possession\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pew Research Center<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: \u201cFour-in-ten U.S. drug arrests in 2018 were for marijuana offenses \u2013 mostly possession\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.curbed.com\/2019\/11\/13\/20962970\/marijuana-section-8-medical-pot-public-housing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Curbed<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: \u201cPublic housing tenants still face stiff penalties for pot, even in states where it's legal\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/07\/29\/opinion\/high-time-the-injustice-of-marijuana-arrests.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The New York Times<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: \u201cThe Injustice of Marijuana Arrests\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2019\/05\/22\/marijuana-legalization-drug-sentencing-prison\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Intercept<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: \u201cIn a World of Legal Weed, Michael Thompson Languishes in Prison for Selling it in 1994\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/norml.org\/laws\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">NORML<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: \u201cState Laws\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>It's easier than ever to see the ways in which weed can be a positive force. To many, it's medicine. To others, it's a source of income. What's harder to see are the ways weed has been used as a political device.&nbsp; For more than...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":1801,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[180],"tags":[1145,1158,1159,1160,1161,1162],"class_list":["post-1797","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cannabis-and-its-evolution","tag-drug-policy-reform","tag-cannabis-criminalization","tag-racial-disparities-in-cannabis-laws","tag-marijuana-prohibition-history","tag-cannabis-legislation-history","tag-social-equity-in-cannabis"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Weaponized Marijuana: Marijuana and Racism in America | Weedmaps<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn about the three acts that weaponized weed against Black Americans.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/weedmaps.com\/learn\/cannabis-and-its-evolution\/three-acts-weaponized-weed-against-black-americans\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Weaponized Marijuana: Marijuana and Racism in America | Weedmaps\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Learn about the three acts that weaponized weed against Black Americans.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/weedmaps.com\/learn\/cannabis-and-its-evolution\/three-acts-weaponized-weed-against-black-americans\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Weedmaps\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" 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